Distillation Essays & Research Papers

By: Sean Polson 05 September 2011 Organic Chemistry Lab: Experiment 1 Section 2 – 12:30 to 2:20 Distillation and Fractional Distillation Distillation and Fraction Distillations Purpose: The purpose of distillation is to purify a liquid. Distillations are use to purify contaminates out of water to obtain clean pure water, as well as, to separate mixtures of liquids into their individual components; e.g. methanol and water. Objective: Distill methanol from water using a simple...

Name of the Experiment: Simple Distillation (Semimicroscale Procedure.) Abstract: Distillation is a method of process of separating 1:1 mixture based on differences in their volatilities in a boiling liquid mixture. Distillation is done with the use of simple distillation apparatus shown in Figure 1. In this experiment, simple distillation process was used to determine the identities of the unknown compounds in the solution through the obtained boiling points. The list of probable unknown...

Mona Vaidya 02/04/2014 CHE 317 Laboratory Experiment #1: Simple Distillation of Two Volatile Liquids Containing Non-Volatile Impurities Introduction: Simple distillation is a commonly used method to separate and purify the mixtures of organic liquids into their original components. Mixtures of two miscible liquids with two different boiling points were separated. Therefore, it can be said that the two organic compounds are separated by exploiting the different boiling temperatures of the...

Steam Distillation Purpose: To use steam distillation to purify heat sensitive, natural products, like essential oils. Procedure Please refer to: Williamson, Macroscale &Microscale Organic Experiments 4th Ed., pgs.98-109 Results Table 1.1: Steam distillation Drop # (every third drop) Temperature (ºC) Addition of 0.5 mL water 1 100.3 Water added 2 100.5 3 100.5 Water added 4 100.6 Water added 5 100.6 6 100.6 Water added 7 100.6 8 100.6 Water added 9 100.3 10 100.6...

CONTENTS CONTENTS | PAGES | 1) Abstract | 2-3 | 2) Introduction | 4-6 | 3) Objectives, Materials and Apparatus, Chemicals | 7 | 4) Method | 8 | 5) Results | 9-11 | 6) Discussion | 12 | 7) Conclusion | 13-14 | 8) References | 15 | ABSTRACT This experiment is about steam distillation by using Dalton’s Law. The objectives of this experiment are to demonstrate a separation of a mixture by using steam distillation and next to prove that Dalton’ Law and ideal gas law...

Distillation Column In the the Chemical Enginneering Lab at CSULB there is a total reflux eight-stage glass binary distillation column at atmospheric pressure. The components that need to be separated are 1-propanol and 2-propanol. These two compounds are isomers with fairly close boiling points. They are separated based on their physical propertis. With...

Distillation of vodka Athena Bianca Mattus*, Rency Mae Silvestre, Maria Robelaine Tenefrancia, Shaira Mae Yu Department of Chemistry, College of Science *Corresponding author; e-mail: tinabianca_09@yahoo.com Abstract Through simple distillation, the percent ethanol and percent loss of 15 mL of vodka was computed. The calculations were supported by a flammability test. With the distillation process reaching 100oC, 6.0 mL of distillate was collected. The determination of ethanol from the...

How to separate compounds using fractional distillation How steam distillation works Many organic compounds tend to decompose at high-sustained temperatures. Separation by normal distillation would then not be an option, so water or steam is introduced into the distillation apparatus. By adding water or steam, the boiling points of the compounds are depressed, allowing them to evaporate at lower temperatures, preferably below the temperatures at which the deterioration of the material...

Principles of Distillation What is distillation? Simply, distillation is the process in which a liquid is vaporized (turned to steam), recondensed (turned back into a liquid) and collected in a container. Nature uses a form of distillation to turn salt water (seawater) into fresh water (rain). Why do you use distillation to recycle waste solvents? Solvent-based waste contains volatile material (solvents) and non-volatile material (contaminants like paint, ink, grease, fiberglass, etc.). Many of...

Cheryl Baclit Chem 234 Experiment 4: Steam Distillation Introduction The purpose of this experiment is to extract Eugenol from Cloves using steam distillation as a purification technique and to transfer Eugenol from the aqueous phase to the MeCl2 phase. With steam distillation, the boiling point of a mixture of immiscible liquids is lower than the boiling points of the individual components. Water from the steam is one of the components of an immiscible liquid mixture. The vapor pressures of...

Fractional Distillation of an Ethanol- water Mixture Abstract The purpose of this experiment is to understand the process of distilling a solution. Thesolution of 50/50 ethanol-water was used in the experiment. Using fractional distillationapparatus ethanol-water mixture was separated. The fractional use of copper sponge wasused in distillation process which created the heat exchange area between the vapor of ethanol and liquid water. The fractional distillation process yield 9.5 ml of...

Steam Distillation 6.6.12 Aim: To isolate and extract citrol from lemongrass oil using steam distillation. Theory: Impure chemicals are usually purified using distillation, allowing the changes in boiling points to separate the substances. Chemicals with high boiling points decompose before reaching the temperature necessary for separation, leading to the invention of steam distillation. The contamination is separated at lower temperatures and allows the separation of chemicals from...

Title: Distillation of an Ethanol Using Fractional Distillation Lab Report Abstract: This experiment aimed to separate the components of a mixture using Fractional Distillation. A volume of 28.0mL of a mixture including ethanol was heated until the temperature reached 78.0 C. Approximately 1.0mL of distillate was collected between 78.0 – 84.0 C. Percent composition by weight of the 1.0mL sample was determined to be 95% ethanol. By careful and accurate techniques, a high percent...

Question: What Is Distillation? Answer: Distillation is a widely used method for separating mixtures based on differences in the conditions required to change the phase of components of the mixture. To separate a mixture of liquids, the liquid can be heated to force components, which have different boiling points, into the gas phase. The gas is then condensed back into liquid form and collected. Repeating the process on the collected liquid to improve the purity of the product is called double...

I. Introduction Fractional distillation is the separation of a mixture into its fractional parts that entails many concurrent vaporization-condensation cycles. This works because of different boiling points of individual substances. The temperature of the fractional distillation column decreases as its length increases. A higher boiling point component condenses on the column and returns to the solution whereas the lower boiling point component passes through the column and is collected in a...

Aim: The experiment ‘Distillation’ was performed with the purpose of purifying liquids and determining boiling points in order to identify an unknown substance. Theory: Distillation is one of the oldest and still most common methods for both the purification and the identification of organic liquids. It is a physical process used to separate chemicals from a mixture by the difference in how easily they vaporize. As the mixture is heated, the temperature rises until it reaches the...

Questions: 1. One mole of a compound A, with vapor pressure 400mmHg at 50oC, mixed with 3 moles of compound B, with vapor pressure 480mmHg at 50oC to form a homogeneous solution. What is the vapor pressure of mixture at 50oC? XA =moles of A\total No. of moles XA =1\4 XB=3\4 Ptotal=PAoXA+PBoXB =400*1\4 + 480*3\4 = 460mmHg 2. Why should a distilling flask be filled not less than 1\3 filled or more than 2\3 full? This is to allow the liquid being heated room to expand as it...

Experiment 2: Fractional Distillation of a Mixture of Two Unknowns Background: Boiling is a process familiar to anyone who has cooked pasta or brewed tea. As heat is applied to a pan of water, the temperature of the water increases until it reaches 100°C (212°F). At this temperature, additional heat causes the water to bubble vigorously as the liquid water is converted into gaseous water, or steam. Most organic liquids will behave in a similar fashion. On heating, the temperature of the liquid...

Discussion: The purpose of this experiment was to isolate the aromatic hydroxyl compound, eugenol from crushed cloves using steam distillation. After conducting the distillation, the expected two layers were not visible in the centrifuge tube. Subsequently, the extraction and evaporation did not produce the expected oil. This result is probably due to the collection of only water vapor during distillation. From another group’s data, 3.80% of the oil was recovered from the cloves in which the...

EXPERIMENT 7 - Distillation – Separation of a Mixture Purpose: a) To purify a compound by separating it from a non-volatile or less-volatile material. b) To separate a mixture of two miscible liquids (liquids that mix in all proportions) with different boiling points. Equipment / Materials: large test tubes(3) clamp (1 or 2) ringstand boiling chips test tube rack (1) heating mantle glass adaptor thermometer adaptor 10-mL graduated cylinder condenser (1 or 2) grease 50- mL round bottom flask...

Fractional Distillation of GSM Blue Pamela Trix Lanaja, Jonathan M. Librojo, Shaun Therence Mabunay and Carissa Mae Magdaleno 3Bio3, Department of Biology,College of Science, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines Abstract G.S.M. Blue is composed primarily of water, sugar cane alcohol with essences of juniper berries and other botanicals with traces of impurities and flavourings and it has 32.5 percent alcohol by volume (65 proof). The experiment aimed to separate its...

SUMMARY The aim is to observe distillation process of ethanol-water solution and to measure the alcohol content after process in this experiment. 500 ml of solution with an alcohol content of 32% (v/v) is used for this experiment. Temperature values are recorded for every 10 ml alcohol obtained in the flask. The process is repeated in our experiment and for the first process, the data collection process continues until the distillate reaches to 200 ml. The concentration of alcohol is measured...

Sample Lab Report Simple and Fractional Distillation Unknown # 2 Purpose In this experiment we aim to demonstrate that we can separate two volatile compounds from a mixture due to the different chemical properties of each compound. We will accomplish this by a separation procedure known as distillation, which relies on each compound having a distinct and separate boiling point. Our pure products will be analyzed with gas chromatography to determine the success of the distillation....

Title: Preparation and purification ethyl alcohol Purpose: The purpose of this experiment is to form a yeast mixture with water, organic compound like sucrose, Ba (OH) 2 for fermentation process, and use simple distillation method to purification from the fermentation mixture. Abstract and Theory: There are many techniques that are used to purify liquid. The one that is going to use for this lab is simple distillation. It is a process of which separating a mixture based on the tendency of the...

Abstract An equimolar mixture of cyclohexane and toluene was separated by simple and fractional distillation, using an empty column and a copper sponge column respectively. Using helium as the mobile phase, the distillate was analyzed through gas chromatography. The calculated HETP for the simple distillation was 8.274 cm/plate and the 3.332 cm/plate for the fractional distillation. Experimental Procedure A copper packed fractional-distillation column was obtained and an apparatus was...

Experiment 2: Isolation of Eugenol from Cloves Background; Readings on Vapor pressure, Raoult’s Law from TRO: A mixture of the essential oils, eugenol and acetyleugenol, will be steam distilled from cloves. These compounds are isolated from aqueous distillate by extraction into dichloromethane. The dichloromethane solution is shaken with aqueous sodium hydroxide, which will react with eugenol, to yield the sodium salt...

Simple Distillation Experimental Organic Chemistry: A Miniscale and Microscale Approach. 4th Edition. By Gilbert and Martin. Section: 4.4 Introduction: Distillation is a technique used to purify various liquids. In a simple distillation, a liquid is boiled and the vapors work through the apparatus until they reach the condenser where they are cooled and reliquified. Liquids are separated based upon their differences in boiling point in which each pure substance is at least greater than...

Distillation of Alcoholic Beverages Abstract We used a Quickfit Set Up in order to perform a Simple Distillation procedure. We used 15mL of The Bar as our distillate. We separated and calculated the alcohol content of the said beverage by the distillation process. Introduction Alcoholic beverages are undeniably part of our culture for a long time already. It has many purposes, like, medical, hygienic, recreational. But, like everything else, if taken excessively, that is a different...

Data and Conclusions: The purpose of this experiment was to learn how to use distillation and gas chromatography to separate and identify different compounds from a given mixture. There are several kinds of distillation methods. However, the method that we used in this experiment was fractional distillation. This method is used when trying to separate two different volatile compounds whose boiling points differ by 40-50°C or more. If the boiling points are too close, this...

FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION October 29, 2012 CHEM 210 ME01 INTRODUCTION The process of separating the components of a mixture by distillation into relatively pure fractions is referred to as fractional distillation. Simple distillation, a process with similar goals, is noted for being a satisfactory attempt at separating two components in an ideal mixture, but not as accurate as fractional distillation. To explore these statements further, there needs to be an in depth look at the theory...

In the experiment of distillation we separated two miscible liquids. The purpose of distillation is to identify and purify compounds. We began our experiment by setting up an apparatus for macroscale simple distillation. We used 60 ml of Cyclohexane/ Toluene. We began with the temperature at 50 degrees Celsius. Unfortunately, we reached an error when the compounds evaporated too rapidly. The compounds evaporated so quickly that we lost data from 2 ml to 13 ml. The heat was lowered and as a...

Simple and Steam Distillation [pic] ABSTRACT Distillation is a physical method of separating a highly volatile compound from a less-volatile or non-volatile compound depending upon the difference in the boiling point of the component substances. This experiment focuses two distillation types, which are the simple and steam distillation, for the purification of compounds having different properties. The main objectives are to be able to assemble a simple and steam distillation...

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: The main objective of this project was to carry out a design on the Propane distillation column for a process that produces 1,3 Butadiene. The raw materials used are Butane, Oxygen and Water and the process capacity is 100 000 tonnes per annum nominal. In the previous work it was stated that the plant is located in China. The main location of the plant is in the capital city of the Gansu Provence, Lanzhou. This was decided as the location over other provinces due to the...

CHE 317 "Simple Distillation" Interpretation of Results and the Report In addition to learning the technique of performing a distillation, you have had the opportunity to observe at first hand the behavior of a reasonably pure compound in the distillation process. You also measured quantities (temperatures) whose magnitudes you did not know beforehand. Title (be specific) Your Name Date Course Number (CHE 317-01) Introduction (give a brief statement about what a simple distillation is, what it...

The purpose of this lab was for students to familiarize and perfect the simple distillation method to produce 4-Methylcyclohexene and to gain experience using an IR spectroscopy to characterize the product of the reaction in favor of equilibrium. B. Results and Discussion: C. Experimental: 24 mL of 4-methylcyclohexanol, 5mL of phosphoric acid, and 1mL of concentrated sulfuric acid was added to a 250 mL round bottom flask and mixed thoroughly with a magnetic stirrer. A simple distillation...

All about Distillation Distillation is a process that is used to purify a lot of substances on a domestic as well as commercial basis. It is very interesting to know about the process in detail as it is a natural process. The story begins when a liquid or solid state of mater responds to the heat in environment. The heat makes the liquid state or solid state of matter to convert into gas state. Liquid Gas (Vaporization) Solids...

Organic Chemistry I Simple and Fractional Distillation The Simple and Fractional distillation experiment was divided into two parts. We split up the procedure in this experiment. My group did the simple distillation and we received the Fractional distillation from another group in class. In this experiment, we examined the effectiveness of fractional and simple distillation to determine which is more successful at extracting a pure sample. This experiment was very successful. We are able...

HEALTH, SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENT (CBB 2012) TITLE: FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION PROCESS   CONTENTS 1. Title………………………………………………………………………….1 2. Summary…………………………………………………………………….3 3. Introduction of Case Study…………….…………………………………….4 4. Risk Scenario Development…….…………………………………………...5 5. Justification of Fault Tree Analysis…………………………………………6 6. Procedures of Fault Tree Analysis…………………………………………..7 7. Fault Tree Analysis…………………………………………………………8 8. Possible Risk Associated with...

Lab# 3 – Simple and Fractional Distillation Written by: Theressa Payne Partner: Jennifer Jantzi Performed: February 4,2013 for CHEM 7005 John Birtwell February 6, 2013 Lab # 3 – Simple and Fractional Distillation Introduction: One of the most important tasks in chemistry is the separation of organic compounds which are not usually found in pure form naturally or as products of chemical synthesis. Distillation is a common method for purifying liquids based upon their...

Steam Distillation – Clove Oil Abstract: In this experiment, a situ method steam distillation was performed and essential oils were isolated from cloves. Once the oils were obtained, extraction techniques were used to extract a crude, eugenol, and acetyleugenol product sample. These samples were submitted for GC analysis and the normalization area percents were calculated to confirm their purity; for the crude sample it was 93.95% eugenol and 6.05% acetyleugenol, for the eugenol sample it...

Distillation of Alcoholic Beverages (GSM Blue) Maryneil A. Verin, Ruby Ann Janica R. Vidal* and John Christopher C. Villanueva Department of Chemistry, University of Sto. Tomas, Espana, Manila, Philippines Abstract The objective of this experiment sought to separate ethanol from an alcoholic beverage – GSM Blue, in this case – by means of distillation and to calculate the percent ethanol present in GSM Blue. Two main methods of distillation were executed, namely, simple distillation...

Distillation of alcoholic beverages CHEMISTRY 200L EXPT 1 PAGE 4 - 8 Abigail V. Duque*, Fallen Grace E. Dela Paz, Zyren P. Galarosa, Felix E. Galizdo Jr. Department of Biology, College of Science Group 4 *Corresponding author; e-mail: abigailv.duque@yahoo.com Abstract This experiment aimed to separate and calculate in percentage the alcohol content of a commercial alcoholic beverage by means of fractional distillation. Twenty milliliters of rum, with a proof of 72, and 36% alcohol...

INTRODUCTION Distillation is a technique widely used in organic chemistry for separating compounds based on differences in their boiling points. The experiment is divided into two parts: simple distillation, an easy set-up where a solution or a mixture of substances with different volatility is separated through exposure heat; and fractional distillation, which under goes a series of evaporation and condensation process to purify more complex mixtures. Raoult and Dalton Law are the two...

EXPERIMENT 2: BATCH DISTILLATION AT CONSTANT REFLUX OBJECTIVE: To operate a batch distillation unit at constant reflux. To examine the change in top and bottom composition over time in a batch distillation. PROCEDURES: 1. Perform the general start-up procedures (Section 4). Refer appendix 1. 2. Record initial volume and refractive index of the liquid mixture in the reboiler. 3. Set the heater power to 1.5kW. 4. Set reflux timer to 10 second for set 1 and 30 second for set 2. ( Note: Set...

Theory: Distillation is the conversion of a mixture of substance into vapors which is afterwards condensed to the liquid form. It cans separation or purification of substances by taking advantage of differences in volatility. The purpose of this lab is comparing the efficiency of two distillation methods with the mixture of ethanol and 1-butanol. in theory the fractional distillation should be more efficient because of the steel sponge. The sponge acted as surface area for gas to condense on....

SIMPLE AND FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION *Ibale, I., Ibanez, E., Jao, E., Joson, E., Juanico, R. 2D Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santo Tomas Abstract Distillation is a commonly used method for separating mixtures based on differences in the conditions required to change the phase of components of the mixture. The product obtained by distillation is called the distillate. Volatility is the property of changing readily from a solid or liquid to a vapor. There are two types of...

Distillation of Alcoholic Beverages Pamela Mallari*, Symon Manuel, Katherine Merene and Charlene Mondelo Department of Chemistry, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines Abstract Distillation is a physical process used to separate chemicals from a mixture by the difference in how easily they vaporize. This experiment aims to (1) compare the efficiency of simple and fractional distillation, (2) distill and calculate the % of ethanol and (3) determine the % loss in distillation....

The Extraction of Bio-ethanol from Apple (Malus domesticus) and Banana (Musa accuminata Colla) Peelings through the Process of Fermentation and Distillation Abstract Apple (Malus domesticus) and banana (Musa accuminata Colla) peelings are common household waste products. This study sought to extract bioethanol from these two peelings and to compare which sample can produce more bioethanol. About 400 grams of apple and banana peeling was obtained from the 1 kilogram bought from the...

Distillation Alcoholic distillation is basically the process of separation the more volatile component, alcohol, from the less volatile component, water, from a water/alcohol solution, by heating the solution and condensing and collecting the alcohol rich vapours released, as a high alcohol strength liquid (spirit). The starting material for most distillations, such as wine for brandy and beer for whisky, are usually weak alcoholic solutions (5%-7% v/v ethanol) This seems counter...

Steam distillation of cloves produced 0.53g of an oil which contained in its IR spectrum the functional groups O-H (at 3520 cm-1), sp2 C-H (3080 – 3000 cm-1), aliphatic C-H (2980 – 2940 cm-1), and both alkene C=C (at 1640 cm-1) and aromatic C=C (at 1514 cm-1). The IR spectrum is attached to this report. These data are consistent with the structure of eugenol, shown in Figure 2 below: In addition, the IR of the product from the steam distillation of cloves closely corresponds with that of...

Fractional Distillation & Gas Chromatography Exp. 1 Pre-Lab: 1) When two substances whose molecules are very similar from a liquid solution, the vapor pressure of the mixture related to vapor pressure of the pure substance. Also it could be defined as a two liquid are ideal solution when they don’t react with each other and they make no association. 2) Are a mixture of at least two different liquid, and known also as a mixture of two or more liquid in such away that its...

SIMPLE DISTILLATION OF VODKA (ANTONOV) Kristel Joy M. Tan, Joshua Michael L. Torres, Pauleen Anne S. Vanadero, Paulene Arielle P. Ynzon and Rachel Pauline E. Zaballero Group 10, 2D Medical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santo Tomas ABSTRACT Distillation is the most common technique, it is a process wherein the liquid is separated from the solution by boiling the liquid solution and condensing the vapor in order to get the distillate. There are four kind of distillation: simple...

Distillation Objective: To illustrate the use of distillation for separating a mixture of two volatile liquids with different boiling points. Background: Distillation consists of heating a liquid until it vaporizes, and then condensing the vapor and collecting it in a separate container. Distillation is used to separate mixtures of liquids that either have different boiling points, or that have one component that does not distill. There are many types of distillation, each of which has a...

VODKA MAKING PROCESS AND DISTILLING PROCESS Vodka is defined in the United States Standards of Identity as “neutral spirits so distilled, or so treated after distillation with charcoal or other materials, as to be without distinctive character, aroma, taste, or color.” As Vodka is a neutral spirit, it means that it can be obtained by the distillation of any product with fermentable carbohydrates on it, like grains (rye, corn or wheat) or products like potatoes, beets or sugar beets; even...

 Cassey D. Bumanglag*, Elsa Margarita A. Martinez, Aaron K. Molano, Kaye Anne N. Nuesca Department of Psychology, College of Science Abstract In this experiment, an alcoholic beverage (gin) was distilled in order to separate the alcohol content from the solution. Fractional distillation was used, which operates on the principle of repeated distillation steps. Flammability was recorded to determine if the distillated portion contains ethanol. The percentage content of ethanol in...

Name: Enenyantu Hannah ElagbajeI.D Number A00015951 Group members: Fatima Zanna, Safeeya Sorondinki , and Fareedah A. Abubakar. TITLE:FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION OF A MIXTURE OF ETHANOL AND WATER ABSTRACT The purpose of this experiment is to understand the process of separating a solution with different boiling points through a method known as fractional distillation. A solution of 50% water and 50% ethanol was obtained using a 100ml graduated cylinder to carry out this experiment. Using...

Other Important Topics in Column Design Outline  Sub-Flowsheets  Thermodynamic model (Fluid Package) selection  Solver selection Sub-flowsheets  HYSYS has a multi-flowsheet architecture.  A big flowsheet can be split up into smaller sub-flowsheets.  Each sub-flowsheet has its own streams, operations, PFD and an independent fluid package.  The column in HYSYS is a sub-flowsheet where independent operations are possible H83 PS1/H84 CFL Templates  A template...

Experiment 1: Simple and Fractional Distillation of a Binary Mixture Introduction: In this experiment the aim is to separate two chemicals from a stock mixture (azeotrope) using two different distillation processes. In both methods (simple and fractional) the liquids reach a boiling point, the molecules then vaporize, separate from the stock mixture and then condense back into liquid form down the to the receiver. Simple distillation works well when the two components boiling points have a...

The Separation of a Liquid Mixture by Simple Distillation Objective The purpose of doing this experiment is to separate two miscible liquids samples of cyclohexane and toluene using simple distillation. The objectives will be to record boiling range and volumes (mL) of distillates that are attained during the process of distillation. Background Distillation is a frequently used technique for separating mixtures based on differences in the boiling points of components in the mixture....

Lab #24- Preparation 4-Methylcyclohexene Introduction: The goals in this lab were to have a reaction occur with 4-methylcyclohexanol and an acid catalyst to form our product of 4-methylcyclohexene via an E1 reaction. This reaction is accomplished by removing the –OH group on 4-methylcyclohexanol via dehydration and to have a double bond form via a loss of a hydrogen on a β-Carbon. Many techniques and skills were developed in this lab. Among them were dehydration, isolation,...

Introduction: This experiment involves an extraction of a natural product using the techniques of steam distillation. The principle component of oil of cloves is an aromatic compound, which is identified by thin layer chromatography (TLC). Eugenol is widely used in dentistry, due to its analgesic, antiseptic balsamic qualities. It is ideal for curative for pulp hyperemia (the soft, sensitive substance underneath the enamel and dentine of a tooth) and pulp its. In dentistry eugenol is also used...

Organic Lab 1: Fractional Distillation Discussion: With the purpose of the experiment being to identify the 30 mL of unknown liquid, the theoretical basis of simple and fractional distillation must be deconstructed and applied to the data obtained describing the liquid in question. Simple distillation is a separation technique which can be used to separate and purify distillates from a liquid mixture which ideally contains one volatile and one non-volatile compound. If such ideal conditions...

Experiment 2: Dehydration of an Alcohol: Distillation and Gas Chromatography Preparation of Methylcyclohexenes Purpose: The basic purpose of this experiment is to carry out the dehydration of an alcohol and isolate the reaction products by distillation. Gas Chromatography will be utilized to analyze the reaction mixture. Table of Reagents: Compound (g) Molecular Weight (g/mol) Grams (g) Moles 6 mL of 2-methylcyclohexanol (C7H14O) 114.19 g/mol 6 mL x 0.943g = 5.66 g 1 mL 5.66 g...

Steam Distillation of Lemongrass Oil I. Introduction When a mixture of cyclohexane and toluene is distilled, the boiling point of these two miscible liquids is between the boiling points of each of the pure components. By contrast, if a mixture of benzene and water (Immiscible liquids) is distilled, the boiling point of the mixture will be found below the boiling point of each pure component. Since the two liquids are essentially insoluble in each other, the benzene molecules in a droplet...

Simple Distillation: A Test on the Amount of Ethanol Present in Vodka By: Morales, Michah A. Ogsimer, Juk Rances F. Pacia, Carissa Jenelle Y. Panganiban, Aean Genesis R. Rabang, Maika I. 2B-Medical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santo Tomas ABSTRACT Distillation is a technique in separating two liquid components. There are two types of distillation used in this experiment known as the simple and fractional distillation. The objective of this experiment was to be able to...

Simple Distillation of Ethyl Acetate contaminated with Methyl Violet Operational OrganicChemistry A Problem Solving Approach to the Laboratory Course, 4th edition, by John Lehman, Experiment 4, OP-30 pg 710-719 I. Introduction The students will use the distillation method to extract pure Ethyl acetate by using the distillation equipment. The distillation is the process of vaporizing a liquid mixture in one vessel and condensing the vapors into the receiver. II. Experimental...

Experiment D: Separation of Alcohols by Fractional Distillation Pre-lab Properties: Propanol, butanol, methanol Purpose: To separate two alcohols by distillation and analyze results with GC. Do not plug mantle directly into electrical outlet, use controller! Use 40/60 mol percent propanol/butanol (no cyclohexane or toluene are used in this lab because they are more toxic) Set up fractional distillation Set heat at highest level to start, then turn back down to 60-80% when vapor starts up...

Separation of the Components of Vodka using Fractional Distillation Fractional distillation, also known as rectification or fractionation, is common in industrial usage, not only for simple mixtures of two components (such as alcohol and water in fermentation products, or oxygen and nitrogen in liquid air) but also for highly complex mixtures such as those found in coal tar and petroleum. The purpose of fractional distillation is to separate a mixture of two miscible liquids (liquids that...

Isolation of Eugenol from Clove Buds using Steam Distillation Abstract Eugenol – C10H12O2 The main volatile oil extracted from clove buds is eugenol. It is used in a variety of ways in traditional medicine and can be isolated successfully using a variety of methods. Isolation was performed using steam distillation. A 3.0% yield of eugenol oil was observed during the experiment. Introduction Eugenol is an essential oil with a formula of...

Reuven Ilyayev Lab Instructor: Maciej Domaradzki Labs 3 & 4 09/19/11 Objective: In steam distillation lab (lab 3), we must obtain pure Eugenol from cloves through the process of steam distillation. In the crystallization lab (lab 4) part 1, we must acquire the best possible pure crystallization of acetylsalicylic acid from aspirin and in part 2 we must obtain a similar pure crystallization of benzil from an impure mixture of benzil. Materials: In lab 3, we used 75 g of cloves from...

11 Indonesian Journal of Agriculture nut shell liquid ... Isolation of cardanol from cashew 2(1), 2009: 11-20 ISOLATION OF CARDANOL FROM CASHEW NUT SHELL LIQUID USING THE VACUUM DISTILLATION METHOD1) Risfaheria), Tun Tedja Irawadi b), M. Anwar Nur b), and Illah Sailah b) a) Indonesian Center for Agricultural Postharvest Research and Development Jalan Tentara Pelajar No. 12 Bogor 16114, Phone: (0251) 8321762, 8350920, Facs.: (0251) 8321762, Email: bb_pascapanen@litbang.deptan.go.id...

Chem 2203 Sec 026 27/September/2013 Experiment 3B: Fractional Semi-microscale Distillation Separation of Hexane and Toluene. Objective: The main goal of this lab is to learn how separation of binary liquid mixtures is performed. Especially when the two liquids have boiling points varying by about 30° C. Hexane can be separated from toluene in this experiment because of the difference in their boiling points. Since toluene has a higher boiling point, it will left at the bottom while the...

Simple Distillation, Gas Chromatography: Preparation of Synthetic Banana Oil Introduction This experiment gave us the opportunity to work with a variety of new procedures as well as practice procedures that are new to us within the past few weeks of labs. Within the context of the scenario, we find that a distilling company that markets a popular banana liqueur is having problems. The banana plantation that they use to create their banana extract was hit hard by a hurricane and their...

Isolation & Identification of the Major Constituent of Clove Oil with Steam Distillation The purpose of this laboratory experiment was to isolate and characterize clove oil in order to understand how to isolate organic compounds with high boiling points, how to perform and interpret qualitative tests for organic compound functionality, and to continue to learn how to perform and interpret IR spectrometry. Steam distillation was used in order to prevent the organic compound from...

Isolation of Eugenol from Cloves by Steam Distillation and its Identification by Infrared Spectroscopy Eim A. Chemist CHEM 303 June 16, 2005 INTRODUCTION “Essential oils” are the volatile components associated with the aromas of many plants.1 In this experiment, the essential oil eugenol (the main component of oil of cloves) will be isolated from ground cloves using the technique of steam distillation, which is often used to isolate liquid natural products from plants.2 The...

Chemical Engineering and Processing 46 (2007) 774–780 Reactive distillation: The front-runner of industrial process intensification A full review of commercial applications, research, scale-up, design and operation G. Jan Harmsen a,b a Shell Global Solutions, Shell Research and Technology Center Amsterdam, P.O. Box 38000, 1030 BN Amsterdam, The Netherlands b RijksUniversiteit Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands Received 19 June 2007; accepted 20 June 2007 Available...

TABLE OF CONTENT Content Page Introduction Type of Distillation Column Operation of Distillation Column Application in Industry Drawing of simple PFD Problems solving 1.0 INTRODUCTION Distillation is defined as a process in which a liquid or vapour mixture of two or more substances is separated into its component fractions of desired purity, by the application and removal of heat. Distillation is the most commonly used separation process in the chemistry and petrochemical industry,...

 Extraction of Eugenol from Cloves 02/01/2014 CHM2210L University of North Florida Abstract Eugenol is found in the essential oil of cloves and has distinct properties that make it an important product to both food and drug industries. (Bhimrao, et. al, 2004). To utilize many of eugenol’s characteristic properties, it is necessary to isolate this organic chemical from the other components of cloves. In this experiment, eugenol was isolated from a sample of cloves using a series...

Experiment 14: Preparation of 1-Bromobutane Goal: To prepare 1-Bromobutane by the SN2 reaction from 1-Butanol with Sodium Bromide and Sulfuric Acid. Mechanism: Procedure: 1. Place 27g of NaBr, 20mL of n-butyl alcohol, and 30mL of water into a 250mL round bottom flask. 2. Put the mixture in an ice-water batch and cool briefly, then slowly add 23 mL of conc H2SO4 while stirring with a magnetic stirrer. 3. Place a water-cooled condenser and heat the flask until the mixture boils...

 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LAB 2: Separation of Organic Liquid Mixtures Introduction: In this experiment, a mixture of two compounds, cyclohexane and toluene, was separated into fractions by the techniques of simple and fractional distillation. The individual fractions that were gathered from the distillation were analyzed using gas chromatography (GC) and used to compare the efficiencies of the two different distillation techniques. The ultimate goal of this experiment was to determine whether...

1 SN2 Reaction, Ionic Liquid (Group – hood) Background Reading Solomons and Fryhle Chapter 6 (Substitution/Elimination Reactions) Techniques: Weights and Measures, Reflux, Liquid-Liquid Extraction, Distillation. Introduction The SN2 reaction is a bimolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction where the nucleophile (a molecule with a free pair of electrons) reacts with an alkyl halide and replaces the halogen (for more details see Solomons and Fryle, Chapter 6). The nucleophile...

Abstract Separation of the compound ethanol from alcoholic beverages, such as vodka, involves the process of distillation. Distillation is the separation of volatile substances mixed with nonvolatile substances by boiling the mixture to alter the phase of the volatile substance. The researchers used the simple distillation set up to conduct the experiment. 25 ml of The Bar Vodka was used and 7 ml of distillate was collected before a temperature of 95 degrees Celsius was reached. Collected...

ISOLATION OF TRIMYRISTIN FROM NUTMEG ABSTRACT The purpose if the experiment was to extract the Trimyristan from ground nutmeg using extraction, distillation and recrystallization procedures. This experiment involves extraction and separation techniques that yield a purified product. The product was extracted and a distillation process was used to remove any remaining solvent. The recrystallization of the sample in turn produced a pure sample, which was proven using the known...

November 15, 2007 Synthesis of 1-Bromobutane Introduction: The purpose of this experiment is to synthesize 1-bromobutane from 1-butanol and sodium bromide. In order for this reaction to reach completion there are four major operations that need to be performed. The four major operations include refluxing, simple distillation, separation, and drying. To begin, in order for the compounds to react they will be dissolved in water and sulfuric acid will be added. The addition of sulfuric...

a) The main point of this piece is that rum is inextricably embraced within the history and culture of the Caribbean. b) Dylan Kerrigan wrote a literary piece entitled “Rum Tales” from which an extract was published in the Caribbean Beat magazine in November/December 2003. His main purpose is to inform the reader of the evolution of the rum making process throughout Caribbean history, specifically in Barbados, where the oldest distillery resides. Multiple strategies and language...

Name: Bhumiben Shah Date: 31st Jan ‘13 EXPERIMENT # 2 RECRYSTALLIZATION; FILTRATION OBJECTIVES: 1. To perform recrystallization and filtration of given impure organic compound. 2. To purify impure acetanilide using reflux condenser apparatus and Hirsch funnel filtration. 3. To determine percentage recovery of pure material (which is), purified by recrystallization and filtration. SAFETY PRECAUTIONS: 1. Operate the aspirator with the maximum water-flow using a stop cock to...

THEORY: The Diels-Alder cycloaddition reaction was discovered by Otto Diels and Kurt Alder and is very useful in the synthesis of polycyclic compounds. The Diels-Alder reaction can be described as: [4+2] cycloaddition- a diene with 4 π electrons + 2π electrons from the dienophile; a pericyclic concerted reaction- meaning the reaction occurs in a single step (no intermediates) and involves a cyclic redistribution of bonding electrons. In order for a Diels-Alder reaction to take...

Experiment 6: Synthesis of an Alkyl Halide Maria Alexandria Buraga Ammuyutan Institute of Chemistry, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City 1101 Philippines ------------------------------------------------- Department of Food and Science Nutrition, College of Home Economics, Univeristy of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City 1101 Philippines ------------------------------------------------- ABSTRACT ------------------------------------------------- Alcohols react with...

Synthesis of Isopentyl Acetate Abstract The purpose of this experiment was to produce isopentyl acetate, banana oil. Acetic acid and isoamyl alcohol were used to synthesize isopentyl acetate. The techniques used for the separation and purification of isopentyl acetate were reflux, liquid-liquid extraction, neutralization and distillation. The identification of isopentyl acetate was based on boiling points and an infrared spectrum. This experiment resulted in a 11.68% yield. The...

Using lipase as catalyst, can effectively avoid the above problems.Has the structure specificity of lipase in anhydrous or micro water in the reaction system of glycerol and fatty acids of catalytic esterification reaction.S.B hattachar2rya etc in rice bran oil using 1, 32 specificity lipase esterification acid, palm oil refinery plantthe reaction pressure of 1333122 pa, temperature 70 ℃, with enzyme amount is 10% of the heavy oil, glycerin excess 50%, the reaction of 1 h, oil has fallen from...

Synthesis of Cyclohexanol Author: Ahmed Ayyash 06/06/13 Introduction: In this experiment, cyclohexanol was prepared from an initial cyclohexene. However, this occurred over a number of steps, these are out lined below. 1. Cyclohexene + aqueous acid cyclohexyl cation 2. cyclohexyl cation + hydrogen sulphate + water protonated cyclohexanol + cyclohexyl hydrogen sulphate 3. cyclohexyl hydrogen sulphate protonated cyclohexanol + HSO4 4. protonated cyclohexanol +...

A Study of Azeotrope and Acetone/Chloroform Liquid-Vapor Phase Diagram Abstract: Liquid-vapor phase of acetone/chloroform was studied through distilling a series of mixtures with different mole fraction. When the mixtures were boiling, their vapor was condensed through a water column and collected in a receiving container. Refractive index was collected for starting mixture, distillate and residue for each sample. A boiling temperature versus acetone’s mole fraction was constructed to show...

Experiment C. Aim: To protect one of two carbonyl groups (C1) in order to allow the other to react twice with a Grignard followed by removal of the protecting group by acid hydrolysis to give final product (C2). Method: Ethyl acetoacetate (30.03g), ethylene glycol (15.01g) and toluene-p-sulphonic acid (0.13g) were added to a 250 cm3 round bottomed flask, containing a stirrer bar and toluene (100 cm3), fitted with a condenser and dean-stark head. Solution was heated strongly under reflux...

The purpose of this experiment was to isolate and purify cholesterol from egg yolks. Two hard boiled egg yolks were twice extracted with diethyl ether and methanol, with the filtrate collected via vacuum filtration. Potassium hydroxide pellets were added to the filtrate, the ether was distilled off, and the mixture was saponified by reflux. The crude cholesterol was isolated through a series of ether extractions and aqueous washes; then the ether was dried with MgSO4 and removed by rotary...

9/19/2012 Experiment #1-Density Aim: Learn how the process of distillation occurs. Observe how distillation separates alcohol from wine. Method: Distillation is based on the fact that the matter can exist in three phases - - solid, liquid and gas. As the temperature of a pure substance is increased, it passes through these phases, making a transition at a specific temperature from solid to liquid (melting point--mp) and then at a higher temperature from liquid to gas (boiling point--bp)....

Lab Report Macrocyclic Synthesis (Heme Analog) I. Purpose of Experiment and Introduction The purpose of this lab experiment is to prepare meso-tetraphenylporphin (TPP) and its copper, cobalt or zinc complex by condensing benzaldehyde with pyrrole in boiling propanoic acid. II. Introduction and Background There are two types of proteins that function as oxygen carriers: myoglobin (stores the oxygen) and hemoglobin (present in red blood cells and is responsible for oxygen...